Khawi hi nge original ber? (Lk 4:4)

1) Mihring hi chhang chauhvin a nung lo vang

2) Mihring hi chhang chauhvin a nung lo vang a, Pathian thu tin rengin (a nung zâwk ang)

3) Mihring hi chhang chauhvin a nung lo vang a, Pathian kâa thu tin chhuakin (a nung zâwk ang)

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ESV/NASB/RSV: Man shall not live by bread alone

KJV/NKJV: Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God

UBS⁵/NA²⁸/WH: Οὐκ ἐπ᾽ ἄρτῳ μόνῳ ζήσεται ὁ ἄνθρωπος

TR^SCR&ELZ: ουκ επ αρτω μονω ζησεται ο ανθρωπος αλλ επι παντι ρηματι θεου

Minuscule 157: ουκ επ αρτω μονω ζησεται ανθρωπος αλλ επι παντι ρηματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος θεοῦ

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Tuna kan tar lan ho (Greek) hi en kawp ta ila:

UBS⁵/NA²⁸/WH thu bâkah Textus Receptus (Stephanus, Scrivener leh Elzevir)-ah chuan ‘all epi panti rhêmati theou’ (but by every word of God) tih a tel a. Hei hi chhuang taka ‘chhawk \hen loh zâwk, a kim, khawih chingpen loh’ an tih chu a ni, a sei bîk/kim bîk vangin. Mahse hei aia sei/kim zâwk a awm tlat mai. Minuscule 157 (Greek kutziakbu)-ah chuan TR text aia sei zâwk ‘all epi panti rhêmati ekporeuomenô dia stomatos theou’ (but by every word that comes out from the mouth of God) tih a chuang. Hei hi a sei ber a, a famkim ber bawk. A dik ngawt ang!

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Minuscule 157: ανθρωπος αλλ επι παντι ρηματι ἐκπορευομένῳ διὰ στόματος θεοῦ

Pic: Lk 4.4 (Ms. 157, f.180r tlar tawp pahnih & 180v tlar tîr pahnih)

(Hei hi Alexandrian text a ni nghe nghe. Vatican Library-ah a awm mêk a;

Urb.gr.2 tiin an chhinchhiah. AD 1122 vela lakkai a ni)

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Heti hian khaikhin fiam chhin teh ang:

1) A kim lo (chhawk \hen): Mihring hi chhang chauhvin a nung lo vang (UBS/NA/WH/ESV/NASB/NRSV)

2) A kim (khawih chingpen loh): Mihring hi chhang chauhvin a nung lo vang a, Pathian thu tin rengin (a nung zâwk ang) (TR/Erasmus/KJV/NKJV)

3) A kimchang takzet: Mihring hi chhang chauhvin a nung lo vang a, Pathian kâa thu tin chhuakin (a nung zâwk ang) (Minuscule 157)

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Ms. 157-ah hian ‘mihring hi chhang chauhvin a nung lo vang a, tih bâkah “Pathian kâa thu tin chhuakin” tih hi a tel a ni. Hei tak hi Byzantine text leh TR-ahte hian a tel chuang lo. Hei hi TR aia sei zâwk (Alexandian text, mahse hawrawpte bu) a ni nghe nghe a. A sei apiang hi chhawk \hen loh, tan bun loh, khawih chingpen loh, pawm zâwk tur a nih si chuan hei ngei hi pawm tur a ni zâwk dawn lawm ni? He text (Ms. 157, AD 1122 vela lakkai a ni) hi Erasmus-a hun lai khan a awm daih tawh a. Mahse chumi mil chuan a ti si lo.

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Amaherawhchu Ms. 157 mil ngawta her rem chi a ni lo vang. Mt. 4:4 thu mil chiaha sîksâwi a nih hmel a. Chuvangin Byzantine text ziah dan pangngai (TR leh KJV te ziah ang hi) te, Ms. 157 ziah ang te hi ‘original text’ a nih a rinawm loh; chul mam leh belhchhah a ni zâwk ang.

Tin, mipuite chuan a hnenah, “Engnge kan tih tur le?” an ti a, an zawt a (Lk. 3:10)

UBS/NA: τί οὖν ποιήσωμεν; (aorist/active/subjunctive)

TR^SCR&ST: τί οὖν ποιήσομεν; (future/active/indicative)

(Note: he text chi hnih danglamna hi UBS/NA Greek text-in a chhinchhiah lo)

Erasmus (1535): τί οὖν ποιήσoμεν;

Pic: Erasmus’ Novum Testamentum (5^th edition/1535)

Min. 2 (AN IV 1): τί οὖν ποιήσωμεν;

Pic: Lk. 3:10 – Codex Basiliensis AN IV 1 (Minuscule 1): f.129(v)

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He thu chiah chiah hi 3:12-ah hian a lo lang leh a. UBS/NA leh TR pawhin a ngai ang chiah hian an ziak. Kan sawifiahna tawh a thuhmuh reng tho.

___________

A danglamna chu tense (aorist leh future) leh mood (subjunctive leh indicative) a ni. A \obul chu a thuhmun reng (ποιεω ve ve).

ποιήσωμεν (poiêsômen) tih hi (subjunctive) a nih avangin rilrua tum nei rana thil zawt emaw, a chhanna tur hre sa rana zawt emaw ni lovin, eng nge an tih tur chu ni ta ang, tia a ngaihna hre lo taka zawt (chiang lo), zawt tak meuh an ni[1]. Hlo thlo tura tuthlawh nena inhum ran tawhin, “Eng nge kan tih dawn?” a ti ang hi a ni lo. Hriat duh taka zawt a ni. Zawhna naran (eng nge, tu nge) tih zawhna tluang pangngai ni lovin ‘deliberative real subjunctive’ a ni a, ‘engtin nge? Khawiah nge, khawi ber nge’ tih zawhna a ni. Hetiang chiah hi chuan a chhanna tur an chian loh tak tak zawhna a ni. Chuvangin subjunctive an hmang \hin.

Hetiang chiah hi Tirh. 16:30-ah kan hmu leh a.

UBS/NA: τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν ἵνα σωθῶ;

TR: τί με δεῖ ποιεῖν ἵνα σωθῶ;

Heng text tradition chi hnihah hian a thuhmun ta thlap a ni. σωθῶ (sô-thô – to be saved/chhandam) hi aorist/passive/subjunctive chu a ni ta ve ve a. ‘Chhandama awm turin eng nge kan tih ang?’ tih zawhna a ni a. Chhanna tur hre sa/rinlawk nei sa kura zawhna ni lovin, an hriat thiam sa loh hriat tak tak tuma zawhna a ni.

TR/Erasmus-a hman dan (future indicative) hi zawhna atana hman \han zawk a ni lo bawk. Future indicative hi thu pangngaia hman a nih chuan thil lo thleng tur sawina (future) a ni ve mai a. He changa mipuiin, “Eng nge kan tih tur ni ta?” an tih hi, ngaih dan nei saa zawt (thil lo thleng tur/future indicative) ni lovin, an chian loh tak tak avanga an zawh fiahna (deliberative subjunctive) a ni a; chuvangin TR/Erasmus-a hman dan hi a dik lo zawk. English version lamah erawh danglamna tehchiam a awm lo.

3:12-a chhiahkhawntuten hetiang chiaha an zawh hian, tih tur an hriat sa reng, a nemnghet nge nemnghet lo emaw, thil danga a chhan mial beiseia an hriat sa reng pawh zâwt lui ngat an ni lo. Hriat duh tak zeta zâwt an ni. Hei tak hi TR-in future indicative a hmang tlat dik tâwk lohna chu a ni. Aorist subjunctive (deliberative subjunctive) hi a dik tlat.

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He zawhna an zawh hian beng za taka zâwt satliah pawh an ni lo hial ang. Mahni inman chungin leh, a bik takin chhiah khawntute phei hi chuan mahni sual inti em emin, miten an tenzia leh ngaihdam theih loh khawpa sual (chhiahkhawntute leh nawhchizuarte hi Farisaite hian ualau takin ngaihdam theih loh khawpa sualah an chhiar) an nihzia inhre chungin, beidawng ru tak siin an zâwt a. Mahse chhanna a lo awm reng si. Lalpa hi chu a tha teh e aw.

[1] Cf. Daniel B. Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, 466f.

Ni Khat Kala Naupang Isua Bo Ni Thum Hnuah an Hmu Chauh (Lk. 2:44-46)

Hengte hi chhinchhiah tur a ni:

• Mari leh Josefa hian Isua hi a awm ve lo tih hre hauh lovin ni khat kal zet an hloh (an fapa an ngaihsak loh hmel).
• ‘An pâwl’ tih hi zinho pawl khat (caravan) tihna a ni. An kalho duah duah zel.
• ‘Ni khat an kal hman’ tih awmzia chu dârkâr 24 (nilêng zan khua) tihna ni lovin, chhûn en laia kal phâk tâwk tihna a ni a, mêl 25 vêl a ni ang.^[1]
• Isua bo an hriat chhuah hi chu zana riah buk an sual lai chauhvin a nih hmel.^[2]
• Ni thum hnuah an hmu chauh. NI THUM NIAH tih a ni lo tih chhinchhiah ang.

Chutia pâwl (caravan) pâwla an zin nikhua chuan nuhovin hman an hruai a, pahovin hnung an dâwl \hin. Nau nawiho chu an nute bulah an kal tlangpui a, tlema û deuhte chu an tal hrang ve deuh tawhin, nu emaw pa emaw, an duh lam lamah an awm tawn vel ve mai mai fo. An \hiante nen emaw, an laichinte bulah emaw pawh an tla hrang nasa ve viau bawk \hin.^[3]  Chuvangin Mari khan a pa hnenah a awm emaw a tih a, Josefa lahin a nu bulah a kal zawk emaw a tih kha an demawm lèm lo.^[4]

Ni khat kal chauh (mêl 25 vel) an thleng hman nain Isua an chhui chhuah meuh chuan a ni thumna a ni tawh. An chhui muang, an vuaicha a ni thei em?

Pâwla zinho hi a tam tham \hin em em a. Kalhlên kût a ni bawk nen (Judaten Jerusalem-a hman ngei ngei tura an ngaih kût pathum: Kalhlên Kût, Bâwkte Kût leh Pentecost Kût zînga pakhat a nih avangin), mi an tam takzet a. Chutiang nuai nuai kâra mipa naupang, ninhlei rual, mi kâra inzep bo zung zung tur ni si zawn chu hna a sâwt lo kher ang.

Sihdêt an nei lo va; khawlai a eng hek lo. Chuti chung chuan zankhuain an zawng phei a (fapa neih chhun bo na na na zan thim pawisa lovin an zawngin ka ring a ni). A tûk nilêngin an zawng leh a. Hmu thâna inhria \henkhatin an hmuhna ni awm tak an lo sawi a; sawia pui lah an tam nek. Beisei takin an bawh ruak ruak nain an hmu hlei thei lo. Chuti reng reng chuan mipa naupang tawh phawt lu chu an keu vek a ni ber e. Mipa naupangho lah lu tuam bîr bêr, puan/kawrfula intuam hlîn hlên vek an ni si nen, râl khat a\anga hriat hran hleih theih an ni lo va; zawn a sâwt lo lehzual a ni. Zan lamah chuan naupang an chet chhuah loh avang leh an rimtawng tawh em avangin zan hnihna chu an chhing ve sek a. A tukah chuan Jerusalem-a Isua teihawina tur nia an hriat an zawng leh thuak thuak a; an beidawng chuan temple an pan ding ta a; an va hmu ta reng a ni.

Lukan ni thum hnuah an hmu, a tih hi a ni thum niah an hmu tihna a ni a, \awngkam dang a hmang a ni. A bo ni chhiar tel lova ni thum hnua hmu tihna a ni lo.

Ni khat kal leka an hloh ni thum hnua an hmu hian ngaihtuahna a hruai a. Ni THUM hian awmzia neihtir tumna a lian hle. Mi tam tak chuan Isua tuarna, a thih leh thawhlehna nena hmeh belin, ni thum chhunga Mari leh Josefa lungngaihna chu Isua a/an sun lâwkna ni awm takin an chhui dawn \hin. Mahse hei hi chu chhuidawnna satliah a ni a. Number de zeuh zawng zawng awmzia neihtir tumna satliah a ni. Lukan Isua thawhlehna a sawi hian ‘a ni thum niah’ (on the third day – tri,th| h`me,ra| – tritê hêmera) ti kherin a sawi vek (9:22; 18:33; 24:7, 21, 46; Acts 10:40). Tuna mi hi chu ‘ni thum hnuah’ (after three days – meta. h`me,raj trei/j – meta hêmeras treis) a ti kher a ni.^[5]

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1) Mahni phul phula kan phul luai hlanin keimahnia Isua awm hi kan lo kalsan daih thei.

2) Mari leh Josefa-te TEMPLE kal hawin a nia an hloh ni; khawi emaw an kalna naran a\angin a ni lo. Biak in a\anga kan KIR hian CHHE THEI TAWH LO emaw intih loh tur a ni.

3) Chutiang a thlen palh chuan khawi khawiah emaw Isua zawng tura kal a sawt lo va; eng engah emaw Isua a bibo hek lo. A INAH zawn phawt a fuh ang.

4) Nasa takin an zawng a, Mari leh Josefan an hmu leh ta! Hmuh awla a awm lai hian Lalpa chu zawng ula, a hnaih lai hian ko rawh u (Is. 55:6). Nasa taka zawngtuten ISUA AN HMU ANG.

^[1] Robert H. Stein, Luke: The New American Commentary, vol. 24 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2001), 121.

^[2] John Nolland, Word Biblical Commentary: Luke 1:1-9:20, vol. 35A (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 2002), 130.

^[3] I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke: The New International Greek Testament Commentary (Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1978), 127.

^[4] Alfred Plummer, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to S. Luke: ICC (London: T&T Clark International, 1896), 75.

^[5] Stein, Luke: NAC, 122.

Puithiam LalberTE (Lk. 3:2)

(Puithiam Lalber pahnih an awm em ni?)

Tirzahi-Pa

_____________

OV: Ana leh Kaiapha chu Puithiam Lalberte an ni a (Lk. 3:2)

CL: Anna leh Kaifa chu Puithiam lalber AN ni a

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Anna leh Kaiafa te hi Puithiam Lalber ni mêk ve ve an ni em? A Greek \awng hi PRIESTS (plural) nge PRIEST (singular) tia lehlin tur zawk, tih hi kan thu ken chu a ni.

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Greek Text Tradition chi hnih (Alexandrian leh Byzantine or Antiochene) zuitute:

UBS/NA/WH: avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Textus Receptus: avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn – high priests – masculine/plural number)

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TR hian engvangin nge avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn – high priests – masculine/plural number) tia a dah theih? Kutziakbu hlui lamin engtin nge an tih kan en chhin ang.

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1) Codex Sinaiticus (kum AD zabi 4-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Sinaiticus ()), f.230r[1]

2) Codex Vaticanus (kum AD zabi 4-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Vaticanus (B), f. 1309[2]

3) Codex Alexandinus (kum AD zabi 5-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Alexandinus (A), f.22r[3] (hei hi byzantine text or Antiokei text

an tih kha a ni nghe nghe)

4) Codex Basiliensis AN IV 1 (minuscule 2 – AD zabi 11/12) pawhin avrciere,wj tiin a ziak.

He kutziakbu hi Erasmus-an (TR \obul siamtupa) a hmang a; mahse rinrawlah a nei lo.

Pic: Codex Basiliensis AN IV 1 (minuscule 2), f.128v (Byzantine text)

5) Codex Basiliensis AN IV 2 (minuscule 1 – AD zabi 12-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

He kutziakbu hi Erasmus-an (TR \obul siamtupa) Chanchin |ha bu a siam dawna rinrawla a neih  kha a ni.

Pic: Codex Basiliensis AN IV 2 (minuscule 1), f.228r (Byzantine text)

6) Codex Cyprius (K or 017 – AD zabi 9-na): ): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Cyprius, f.140v (Byzantine Text)[4]

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7) Desiderius Erasmus (AD 1516, 1519, 1527): avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn – high priests – masculine/plural number)

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Erasmus-a hian Greek kutziakbu \ha tak \anfung a nei lo. Chanchin |ha bu a siam dawna a rinrawl berte chu minuscule 1, 2, 7, 817 an ni a. Heng palite zînga pahnih, 1 leh 2 hi ka enfiah a. 7 leh 817 te erawh hi chu ka hmu zo lo. 1 leh 2-ah hian PUITHIAM LALTE tih theihna turin PLURAL NUMBER an hmang lo hrim hrim a, singular number avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs) tiin an ziak ve ve a. Kutziakbu hlui kan tar lanho zingah khian Codex Alexandrinus khi, a bik takin Chanchin |ha bu-ah, Byzantine text-type a ni a. Erasmus-an a hmang lo thung. Mahse chu pawh chuan singular number (high priest/pakhat sawina) a hmang. Chuvangin Erasmus-a hian hming pahnih, Anna leh Kaiafa, a lan vang maiin plural avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn) a hmang mai a ni tih a chiang. Hei hi text \huang hnih (Alexandrian leh Byzantine) thu meuh pawhin a nemnghet a; Erasmus-a text hi a dik lo a ni.

Kan thu chhui hi a tlêmin a hoh hmel nain Greek text original chhuina a nih miau avangin a te chhe lo va. Erasmus-an plural (high priests) a tih tak mai avangin amah a\anga chhuak, Textus Receptus (TR) pawhin a ring chhawng a. Chu chu King James Version (KJV)-in ihê lovin a zui ta si a; English version lamah chuan PRIESTS tiin an hmang zui ta a ni, tih kan chhui mai a ni. Erasmus-a, TR leh KJV/NKJV te hian an tidik lo a ni, tiin kan tlip ang.

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Puithiam Lalber hi Judate rorel khawl, Sanhedrin, lu ber a ni a. Mi pakhat dinhmun a ni. Pope pakhat chauh a awm ang hi a ni ber ang. Judate chuan Puithiam Lalber hna hi mi pakhatin a chelh tawh chuan a dam chhung zawng a chelh tawh turah an ngai \hin a. Mahse Greek leh Rome sawrkarin a awp hnu khan an duh danin Judate dan an tihdanglamsak nasa a. Anna hi AD 6-15 chhung khan Puithiam Lalber a ni a. Pilatan a thlâk, Valerius Gratus-a khan AD 14[5]/15 khan a ban a. A fapa, Eleazar-an a thlak a. AD 16-17 chhung khan Puithiam Lalber a ni a. Anna makpa, Kaiafa chu AD 18-37 chhung zawng khan Puithiam Lalber a ni.[6]

Lk. 3:2 vel hi Johana leh Isua puitlin tawh hnu a ni a. Hetih lai hian Anna ni lovin Kaiafa hi Puithiam Lalber dik tak a ni tawh a. Chu chu Mt. 26:3, 57; Joh. 11:49 etc. te hian an sawi chiang khawp mai.

Kaiafa hi Puithiam lalber ni mah se Anna hian huvang a la ngah em em a (Joh. 18:13-27). Chuvangin Luka hian puithiam lalber ti hian he changah leh Tirh. 4:6-ah pawh a sawi mai a ni.[7] Anna ban a nih pawm lo va, puithiam lalber anga ngai tlat an la tam a. Chuvang chuan Luka pawhin heti hian a ti mai a ni thei bawk. ‘Anna chu puithiam lalber a nih lai leh Kaiafa pawh chu Puithiam lalber a nih lain,’ tih hi lehlinna (grammar dik keng turin) fuh tak a ni thei a.[8] Chutih rualin ‘puithiam lalber an nih lai’ tia lehlin pawh hi sual tak chu a ni chuang lo. Mahse sawifiah erawh a ngai. Chuti a nih loh chuan puithiam lalber pahnih an awm kawp (\hin) emaw tih palh a awl a, a dik hauh si lo.

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Puithiam lalber nihna hi chhawm theih a ni em?

Aw, chhawm chin an nei. Mahse Puithiam Lalber serh leh sang rawngbawlna (office) erawh an chhawm thei tawh chiah lo. An nihna (title) leh thuneihna erawh an chhawm a ni ber.[9]

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Zir chhuah tur:

1) Isua hun lai te, a hun hma (Makabia hun lai pawh a ni) khan Puithiam Lalber nih kha dinhmun duhawm lutuk a ni a. Kohhran Chanchin-a Bishop leh Pope dinhmun duhawm lutuk ita Bishop/Pope nih khela sum leh thamna tenawm tak a leng fo \hin ang mai khan Puithiam Lalber nih tumin an khel fo va. Anmahni awptu (Greek leh Rome late) an pun fo reng a ni. Lalpa hmaa mipui tana ding, Pathian leh mipui aiawh dinhmun thianghlim an tibawrhbang a ni. Lalpa rawngbawlna hi mawia a lan leh \hin avang hian khawvel thil tenawm nena chawhpawlh loh tur a ni.

2) Anna kha Puithian Lalber a ni tawh lo chung pawhin a lam \ang tam tak chuan Kaiafa ai mahin an la dah pawimawh lui hram a. Chu chu amah paih thlatu, Rome sawrkar (political power) epna pawh a ni pahfawm. Politics leh sakhua a inep chang hian awm dan tur hriat thiam a harsa \hin a. Pathian râwn chunga kal a him ber.

3) Politics-in sakhaw serh leh sang thianghlim a nghawng (influence) theih chuan a hnawk \hin a; sakhaw serh leh sang thila politics thiltihtheihna chhawr bawk a nih hian a pahnihin a nu ta \hin a ni. Sakhua leh politics hlir hran hlawk tur tihna ni lovin, hlawkna chan tumna avanga chawhpawlh pawizia sawina a ni. Heng thil pahnih kal \hiang hian sakhua leh politics a tifaiin, mipui a \anpui zawk tur a ni.

[1] http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_43725_f001r

[2] https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1209

[3] http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_1_d_viii_fs001r

[4] http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b85710773/f300.image

[5] Alfred Plummer, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to S. Luke: ICC (London: T&T Clark International, 1896), 84.

[6] I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke: The New International Greek Testament Commentary (Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1978) 134.

[7] Marshall, Luke: NIGTC, 134.

[8] J. Nolland, Luke 1:1-9:20: Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 35A (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 2002), 140.

[9] Joachim Jeremias, Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus, 157f.

Puithiam LalberTE (Lk. 3:2)

(Puithiam Lalber pahnih an awm em ni?)

Tirzahi-Pa

_____________

OV: Ana leh Kaiapha chu Puithiam Lalberte an ni a (Lk. 3:2)

CL: Anna leh Kaifa chu Puithiam lalber AN ni a

_____________

Anna leh Kaiafa te hi Puithiam Lalber ni mêk ve ve an ni em? A Greek \awng hi PRIESTS (plural) nge PRIEST (singular) tia lehlin tur zawk, tih hi kan thu ken chu a ni.

_____________

Greek Text Tradition chi hnih (Alexandrian leh Byzantine or Antiochene) zuitute:

UBS/NA/WH: avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Textus Receptus: avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn – high priests – masculine/plural number)

______________

TR hian engvangin nge avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn – high priests – masculine/plural number) tia a dah theih? Kutziakbu hlui lamin engtin nge an tih kan en chhin ang.

______________

1) Codex Sinaiticus (kum AD zabi 4-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Sinaiticus ()), f.230r[1]

2) Codex Vaticanus (kum AD zabi 4-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Vaticanus (B), f. 1309[2]

3) Codex Alexandinus (kum AD zabi 5-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Alexandinus (A), f.22r[3] (hei hi byzantine text or Antiokei text

an tih kha a ni nghe nghe)

4) Codex Basiliensis AN IV 1 (minuscule 2 – AD zabi 11/12) pawhin avrciere,wj tiin a ziak.

He kutziakbu hi Erasmus-an (TR \obul siamtupa) a hmang a; mahse rinrawlah a nei lo.

Pic: Codex Basiliensis AN IV 1 (minuscule 2), f.128v (Byzantine text)

5) Codex Basiliensis AN IV 2 (minuscule 1 – AD zabi 12-na): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

He kutziakbu hi Erasmus-an (TR \obul siamtupa) Chanchin |ha bu a siam dawna rinrawla a neih  kha a ni.

Pic: Codex Basiliensis AN IV 2 (minuscule 1), f.228r (Byzantine text)

6) Codex Cyprius (K or 017 – AD zabi 9-na): ): avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs – high priest – masculine/singular number)

Pic: Codex Cyprius, f.140v (Byzantine Text)[4]

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7) Desiderius Erasmus (AD 1516, 1519, 1527): avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn – high priests – masculine/plural number)

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Erasmus-a hian Greek kutziakbu \ha tak \anfung a nei lo. Chanchin |ha bu a siam dawna a rinrawl berte chu minuscule 1, 2, 7, 817 an ni a. Heng palite zînga pahnih, 1 leh 2 hi ka enfiah a. 7 leh 817 te erawh hi chu ka hmu zo lo. 1 leh 2-ah hian PUITHIAM LALTE tih theihna turin PLURAL NUMBER an hmang lo hrim hrim a, singular number avrciere,wj (archie-re-ôs) tiin an ziak ve ve a. Kutziakbu hlui kan tar lanho zingah khian Codex Alexandrinus khi, a bik takin Chanchin |ha bu-ah, Byzantine text-type a ni a. Erasmus-an a hmang lo thung. Mahse chu pawh chuan singular number (high priest/pakhat sawina) a hmang. Chuvangin Erasmus-a hian hming pahnih, Anna leh Kaiafa, a lan vang maiin plural avrciere,wn (archie-re-ôn) a hmang mai a ni tih a chiang. Hei hi text \huang hnih (Alexandrian leh Byzantine) thu meuh pawhin a nemnghet a; Erasmus-a text hi a dik lo a ni.

Kan thu chhui hi a tlêmin a hoh hmel nain Greek text original chhuina a nih miau avangin a te chhe lo va. Erasmus-an plural (high priests) a tih tak mai avangin amah a\anga chhuak, Textus Receptus (TR) pawhin a ring chhawng a. Chu chu King James Version (KJV)-in ihê lovin a zui ta si a; English version lamah chuan PRIESTS tiin an hmang zui ta a ni, tih kan chhui mai a ni. Erasmus-a, TR leh KJV/NKJV te hian an tidik lo a ni, tiin kan tlip ang.

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Puithiam Lalber hi Judate rorel khawl, Sanhedrin, lu ber a ni a. Mi pakhat dinhmun a ni. Pope pakhat chauh a awm ang hi a ni ber ang. Judate chuan Puithiam Lalber hna hi mi pakhatin a chelh tawh chuan a dam chhung zawng a chelh tawh turah an ngai \hin a. Mahse Greek leh Rome sawrkarin a awp hnu khan an duh danin Judate dan an tihdanglamsak nasa a. Anna hi AD 6-15 chhung khan Puithiam Lalber a ni a. Pilata thlaktu, Valerius Gratus-an AD 14[5]/15 khan a ban a. A fapa, Eleazar-an a thlak a. AD 16-17 chhung khan Puithiam Lalber a ni a. Anna makpa, Kaiafa chu AD 18-37 chhung zawng khan Puithiam Lalber a ni.[6]

Lk. 3:2 vel hi Johana leh Isua puitlin tawh hnu a ni a. Hetih lai hian Anna ni lovin Kaiafa hi Puithiam Lalber dik tak a ni tawh a. Chu chu Mt. 26:3, 57; Joh. 11:49 etc. te hian an sawi chiang khawp mai.

Kaiafa hi Puithiam lalber ni mah se Anna hian huvang a la ngah em em a (Joh. 18:13-27). Chuvangin Luka hian puithiam lalber ti hian he changah leh Tirh. 4:6-ah pawh a sawi mai a ni.[7] Anna ban a nih pawm lo va, puithiam lalber anga ngai tlat an la tam a. Chuvang chuan Luka pawhin heti hian a ti mai a ni thei bawk. ‘Anna chu puithiam lalber a nih lai leh Kaiafa pawh chu Puithiam lalber a nih lain,’ tih hi lehlinna (grammar dik keng turin) fuh tak a ni thei a.[8] Chutih rualin ‘puithiam lalber an nih lai’ tia lehlin pawh hi sual tak chu a ni chuang lo. Mahse sawifiah erawh a ngai. Chuti a nih loh chuan puithiam lalber pahnih an awm kawp (\hin) emaw tih palh a awl a, a dik hauh si lo.

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Puithiam lalber nihna hi chhawm theih a ni em?

Aw, chhawm chin an nei. Mahse Puithiam Lalber serh leh sang rawngbawlna (office) erawh an chhawm thei tawh chiah lo. An nihna (title) leh thuneihna erawh an chhawm a ni ber.[9]

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Zir chhuah tur:

1) Isua hun lai te, a hun hma (Makabia hun lai pawh a ni) khan Puithiam Lalber nih kha dinhmun duhawm lutuk a ni a. Kohhran Chanchin-a Bishop leh Pope dinhmun duhawm lutuk ita Bishop/Pope nih khela sum leh thamna tenawm tak a leng fo \hin ang mai khan Puithiam Lalber nih tumin an khel fo va. Anmahni awptu (Greek leh Rome late) an pun fo reng a ni. Lalpa hmaa mipui tana ding, Pathian leh mipui aiawh dinhmun thianghlim an tibawrhbang a ni. Lalpa rawngbawlna hi mawia a lan leh \hin avang hian khawvel thil tenawm nena chawhpawlh loh tur a ni.

2) Anna kha Puithian Lalber a ni tawh lo chung pawhin a lam \ang tam tak chuan Kaiafa ai mahin an la dah pawimawh lui hram a. Chu chu amah paih thlatu, Rome sawrkar (political power) epna pawh a ni pahfawm. Politics leh sakhua a inep chang hian awm dan tur hriat thiam a harsa \hin a. Pathian râwn chunga kal a him ber.

3) Politics-in sakhaw serh leh sang thianghlim a nghawng (influence) theih chuan a hnawk \hin a; sakhaw serh leh sang thila politics thiltihtheihna chhawr bawk a nih hian a pahnihin a nu ta \hin a ni. Sakhua leh politics hlir hran hlawk tur tihna ni lovin, hlawkna chan tumna avanga chawhpawlh pawizia sawina a ni. Heng thil pahnih kal \hiang hian sakhua leh politics a tifaiin, mipui a \anpui zawk tur a ni.

[1] http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_43725_f001r

[2] https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.gr.1209

[3] http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_1_d_viii_fs001r

[4] http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b85710773/f300.image

[5] Alfred Plummer, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to S. Luke: ICC (London: T&T Clark International, 1896), 84.

[6] I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke: The New International Greek Testament Commentary (Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1978) 134.

[7] Marshall, Luke: NIGTC, 134.

[8] J. Nolland, Luke 1:1-9:20: Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 35A (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 2002), 140.

[9] Joachim Jeremias, Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus, 157f.