H Joseph LFMA
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Isua hi (a Pathianna sawi hauh lo pawhin) rinna veng himtu chak tak, hriam tak, huaisen tak a lo ni reng a. A hun laia amah awih lotute leh an hnial khânte a thlîr mai mai lo. Judaho Pathian thu hriat dik lohzia a hmuhin a hrilh fiah țhin a. An tân a pawi thei tih hriain țhahnem ngai takin a bei țhin a ni. Chu’ng (Isua approach) zînga pawimawh tak tâkte chu kan en thuak thuak ang.
1. Isuan zirtîrna dik zîktluâk lo a khente
1) Pharisai
2) Saddukai
3) Lehkhaziaktute
Anniho thu leh hla leh an nun ziate hi a hma lamah kan sawi chiang tawh a. Kan sawi nawn tawh lo ang. An thu leh hla a dik lo vek Isuan a ti a ni lo. An fel lo phei chu a ti lo leh zual. “In felnain lehkhaziaktute leh Farisaite felna hi a khûm loh chuan van ramah in lût tawp lo ang,” a ti zâwk a ni (Mt 5.20). Ngaih pawimawh tur dik an thlahthlam a, a țul lo zâwk an buaipui hle làwi si hi Isuan a ngai thei lo. An Pathian biak pawh a dik reng; an biak dan a dik lo a ti zâwk. Pathian an hre lo a ti lo a; Pathian an hriat dan a dik lohzia a sawi. Sabbath an serh hi a dik lo a ti lo a; serh loh tur pawh a ti lo. An serh dan a dik lo a ti zâwk. Dan zawm an tum hi a dik lo, a ti lo a; mahse Dan an hriat dan a dik lo a. An hrilh fiah dan leh zawm an tum dan a dik lo tih a sawi. Dan a dik lo, a țha lo, a ti ngawr ngawr lo a; mahse Isua chuan hmangaihna, ngaihdamna, lainatna, simna leh tlawmna THU ni loin a NUNA NUN a hril zâwk.
Pathian aia THU NGAWT an buaipui te, Pathian nena inlaichînna aia serh leh sãng an tuipui zâwk te, hmangaihna aia DAN an pathiàn tlat te kha Pathian thu an hriat thiam dik loh vang (hermeneutics dik lo) a ni a. Chu chu Isuan thu leh thil tihin a hrilh fiah. A țul hunah a khak a (nangni lehkhaziaktu leh Farisai vervêk te u, tih hmang te); a țul hunah zirtîrna dik zâwk chhawp chhuak te’n (kei erawh chuan ka ti a che u…tih kal phung te); a țul hunah a tak ngeia lantîrin (Sabbath dan bawh chhe luiin) a hmachhawn a ni. Kha’ng kha rinna dik vawn himna, rinna dik tâwk lo, pawi khawih pha, chhiatpui theih hial ni bawk, herh diksakna, apologetic hna dik tak a ni.
2. Sabbath serh dan dik lo a pho lang
Sabbath serh hi a țha lo ngawr ngawr a ni lo a. Isua pawh Sabbath nîah synagogue-ah inkhawmin, hun pawh a hmang țhin (Lk 4.16 leh hmun tam takah). Nimahsela a hun laia mite kha Sabbath an serh khan, A DAN NGAWR NGAWRAH an buai ral a. Hmangaihna, lainatna leh Pathian anpui mihringte ngaihsakna (chhûng lam) aiin serh leh sãng (tradition leh rites – pâwn lam) an dah pawimawh zâwk a. Chu chu Isuan a hua a ni. Mishnah, Moed: Sabbath 1-24 hi han chhiar ila, Sabbath serh dan leh Rabbi-te pawh fân dan a tam kher mai.
Ex 16.29-a kan hmuh dan chuan, Sabbath niah tumah pawna chhuah loh tur a ni. Nimahsela chu chu rit an ti ta viau a ni ang. Sabbath Dan bawh chhe loa kal hlat theih zâwng (tekhum Sabbath-שבת תחום/Sabbath day journey) an lo hmu chhuak ta a ni. Chu chu cubit 2000 vêl (km 1 bawr vêl or mêl chanve aia țha hret) a ni. Jerusalem ațanga Olive tlâng hi chutiang vela hla chu a ni a, Sabbath nîin a tlawh phâk (Tirh 1.12).
Hetah hian an la duh tâwk ta lo cheu. ‘Eruv tekhumin’ dan an chher chhuak leh a. Sabbath nia mahni awmna hmun ațanga cubit 2000 kal theihna dan a ni. Sabbath ni hma chiahin Sabbath nia bawh chhiat loh tâwka hlaah (cubit 2000 vel/ tekhum Sabbath) mi pahnih ei khawp chaw an lo chhawp lâwk ang a. Tichuan, chu hmun chu dan bawh chhe loa kal theihna tâwk a nih avangin an kal thei. An chaw chhawp chu an fâk ang a. Chu chu ‘Sabbath nia an awmna’ angah ngaih a ni ta a. Chuta țang chuan cubit 2000 dang an kal leh thei. Chu dan chu ‘Eruv tekhumin’ an tih chu a ni (Mishnah, Moed: Sabbath 2.7).[1] Ex 16.19 hi Pathian thupêk a ni a; mahse duh fîr intite hian KHIRH LUTUK an ti a. An phak tâwkin an pawt fân a. FîR, duhtui champion an inti tho si. Rit lo thei ang bera phurh ve veu veu an duh a ni.
Heng mi hian hmeichhe pakhat, kum 18 zet ramhuaiin a man, ding ngil thei loa kun reng, hrehawm ngawih ngawiha dam chhûng hun chhiar mêk Isuan a tihdam (Lk 13.11ff.) kha an lawmpui thei leh si lo. Sabbath nîa a tihdam avangin an lawm lo. Hnuk hnaih a nih loh chuan Sabbath nia ‘intihdam/medical treatment’ an phal lo. Lainatna, hmangaihna aiin serh leh sãng hi Pathian thu dik emaw an ti. Hetiang hi Isuan a tawng zing hle. Isuan ‘Mihring fapa hi chawlhni lal a ni’ (Mt 12.8) a ti hmiah mai.
Sabbath or Sunday debate hi Isua thil tum a ni lo. Isua Apologetic approach a ni hek lo. Dan pathiànna/legalism hi Isua duh loh chu a ni. Pathian ațanga chhuak hmangaihna, khawngaihna leh lainatna hi DAN aiin a pawimawh zâwk tih Isuan a pho lang.
3. Pathian thu hriat thiam dan dik lo (hermeneutics dik lo) a paih thla
Deuteronomistic theology an tih fo chu ‘Pathian thu zawm chu hamțhatna, zawm loh chu chhiatna’ tih hi a ni. Hei vang hian, mi mal leh ramin hamțhatna a dawn a, ei leh bar leh khawtlânga an hmuingìl a, an nawmsak viau chuan ‘Pathian thu an zawm țhat avanga Pathian malsawmna an chèn mêk’ nia inngaihna an neih phah a. ‘Tuartute chu Pathian thu zawm țha lo, Pathian hremna tuartu’ nia ngaihna an nei lian lutuk. Hei hi Pathian thu hrilh fiahna (hermeneutics) fuh tâwk lo a ni. Chu chu Isuan a hmu fiah hle a. Fing takin a hrilh fiah a ni.
Entîrna pakhat chu “Mi hausa leh Lazara tehkhin thu” (Lk 16.19-31) hi a ni. Mi hausa pa hian nuam tinrêng a chên a. Pathian malsawmna dawng mêk, Pathian duhsakna changtu, Pathian thu zawm țhaa nuamsa niin a inngâi a. Lazara, khati taka hrehawm tuartu kha chu Pathian thu zawm țha lotu, Pathian hremna tuartu, țanpui tlâk loh, ni hialin a hria. Hei hi a dik lohzia Isuan a sawi fiahna chu, Lazara, a fel zia sawi ni chuang hauh lo leh mi hausa, a fel lohzia leh Vanram kal tlâk lo a nihzia sawi ni hauh si lo dinhmun inang ta lo lutuk hi a ni. Hei chiah hi a ni zâwlnei Amos hun lai pawha Israel mite an inchhût sualna chu. Pathian kawng an zawh dik emaw an ti a; an lo pensan nasa tawh si a.
Pian tirh ata mitdel tihdam thu-ah (Jn 9.2-3) pawh a lo lang leh a. Zirtîrte ngei pawhin mitdel saa piang ta chu, ama tihsual a ni àwm si lo a, a nu leh pate tihsual zâr a zo ta a nih an ring deuh a. Nimahsela chu ngaih dan leh chutia Pathian thu hriat chu a dik lo tih Isuan a finfiahsak leh ta a ni. Amah emaw, a nu leh pate tihsual vang emaw ni loin, ‘Pathian hnathawh a chunga a lanna tur’ zâwk a ni.
Isua hi Bible hrilh fiahtu (exegete) fing leh thiam tak a ni. Apologist țha tak a ni bawk.
4. Isua Pathianna (divinity) hnâwltute țanfung Isuan a a paih thla
Judaten Pathian pakhat chauh àwm an rinna (monotheism) hi Shema-ah (Deut 6.4) hnial rual lohin a chuang a. Theihnghilh theih hauh loh turin an vawng a, an inzirtîr a. Nimahsela an hriat thiam dan chu Pathian nihna hriat famkim lohna a ni tih Isuan thu mai ni lo, thil tih nen lam a zirtîr.
- “Abrahama awm hma pawhin ka awm (Jn 8.58),” a ti a. Chatuan mi a nih chian zia a sawi.
- Pathian chauhin sual a ngâidam thei tih hi Judate hriat chian a ni a. Isuan, “I sualte ngaihdam a ni tawh e,” tiin sualna a ngâidam hmiah (Mk 2.5//). Amah chu sual ngâidam thei, Pathian a ni tih a fihfiah a nih chu. Judate ngaih dânah a buai lo.
- Judate ngaihah Sabbath serh danin suàl leh suàl loh hril pha a. Berampute pawh mi sual an nih chhan chu Sabbath an serh loh vang a ni. Isuan Sabbath dan a bawhchhia a. Chuvangin amah thiam loh chantîr nan hman an tum. Pian tirh ata mitdel a tihdam nî pawh kha Sabbath nî a ni a (Jn 9.16). Chuvangin Pathian hnena chhuak ni theiin an hre lo. Isua erawh chuan, “Mihring fapa hi chawlhni lal a ni,” (Mt 12.8//) a ti daih thung.
- Judate ngaihah mitthite thlarau hi a taksa luh leh tumin a ruang bul hnaiah ni 3 chhung chu a la awm țhin a.[2] A taksa lo țawih țan a hmuh chauhin a kal bo țhin.[3] Ni 4 chinah chuan kîr leh rual loin a kal bo tawh țhin an ti. Isuan Lazara a kaih thawh hian ni 4 a liam tawh. Lazara a kaih thawh hian chanchin lawmawm a thlen satliah lo. Dawi thiamte leh thil mak ti thei narân tih theih loh, Judate nghahfâk, Messia, Pathian tak meuh chauhin a tih theih a ti a ni.
Isua Pathianna (divinity) hi Judate an awih lo a. An hnâwl a. An paih thla a ni. Nimahsela Isuan chu chu na taka chhâng letin, sual ngâidam theitu, chawlhni lal, chatuan mi, mihringte tih theih rual loh ti theitu, Pathian a ni a. Judaten monotheism an hriat thiam dan a dik lohzia a sawi a ni. Isua Pathian a ni kan tih hian, YHWH/Jehova a ni tihna a ni lo. Jehova/YHWH a inti hek lo. Intih ahnêkin “Ka pa,” tiin a sawi reng zâwk. Hei hi Trinity bul chu a ni. A hnâwl a, an paih țhak țhak naa, hnial rual lohin Isuan a Pathianna a puang chhuak a ni.
5. Thih hnu khawvêl (life after death) awih lotute a paih thla
Saddukai-ten an ring lo. Isua erawh chuan mitthi thawh lehna a sawi chiang. Mitthi thawh lehna te, Hremhmun leh Vanram te hi thil awm ngei a ni tih Isuan a sawi chiang. A pawm lotute, a awih lotute lo hriat ngei atân a sawi. ‘Thawh lehnaah nupui pasal an innei dawn lo; vâna Vantirhkoh ang an ni ang,’ a ti a (Mt 22.30//). A bula mi sual an khen beh pakhat hnenah, “Vawiinah, ka hnenah paradis-ah i chawl ve ang,” (Lk 23.43) tiin thih hnua khawvêl a sawi chiang. Mi sual chu thiam loh changin hremna an tuar ang a; mi fel, Pathian mi chu Abrahama ang chhûngah an chawl ang tih a sawi. Rorelna hnuhnung pawh a awm ngei dawn a. Amah chu roreltu tur a ni tih a sawi chiang bawk (Mt 25.31-46). Thih hnu khawvêl ring lotute Isuan a ngam hle mai. Âtna chi khat niin a ngai lo.
6. Mahni chauh inhmangaihna (individualism) a paih thla
Mi hausa â tehkhin thua, ‘thlarau…chawl la, eiin bar la, hlim takin awm rawh,’ (Lk 12.19) tih hi Epicurean zirtîrna pakhat, mihring nun derthawnzia leh chuvanga hlimna an ngaih pawimawhzia lanna a ni. Anni hian hlimna an zawng nasa a. “Nawmsakna/pleasure hi thil țha a ni a. Nimahsela nuam vawr tâwp (supreme pleasure) erawh vanah kan chang chauh ang,” tiin an zirtîr țhin.[4] Mahni țanghma chauh haina khawvêl, mi dang ngaihsakna tel miah loa hauhsak tumna, hlemhle leh kut tling lo pawha hausakna, rethei rah behna khawvêlah ‘mi fing ideology’ hmanga mahni thiam inchantîr chawpna hi Isua zirtîrnaah a thiang zo lo. Tunlaia mi hausa tam tak hi he pa ang chiah hi an ni. Mahni chauh inhai vûr, mi dang ngaihsak miah lo, khawvêl ideology (individualism) a ni. Kut tling loa sum lâk luh pawh ni se, Pathian malsawmnaah kan chhiar lui vek tawh mai. Mahse hei hi zirtîrna dik lo a ni a. Pathian malsawmna tak tak a ni lo. Pathian hming hawha dâwt sawina mai a ni. Mi tam takin an hre thiam si lo. Mahse Isuan dêngkhâwng takin, “Mi â” a ti hmiah mai. Hetiang individualism leh duhamna uchuak (avarice) hi mi mal leh ram tâna pawi a ni a; Isuan a paih thla.
7. Secular ideology leh mihring rilru zalenna (rationalism)
A bîk takin mipat hmeichhiat/sex nunah Isua a duh fîrin, mihring zalenna te, chhia leh țha hriatna thianga pawm zauna (rational liberalism) a dah chungnung lo khawp mai. Nupa nun pawn lama mipat hmeichhiatna (extra marital sex) hi engti kawng mahin Isuan thiam a chantîr lo. Thinlung chhunga hmangaihna zalênin ro a relsak miau chuan sex hman mai pawi tih lohna te, nupa inuiresan pawh, hmangaih lipuia mi a pil miau chuan thianga ngaihna (hmangaihna hming chhâlin) kan nei ta fo mai te hi Isua chuan a pawmzam ve hauh lo a. Thil dik lo lian lutuk a ni tih a zirtîr. Chutiang pawmzam chu sawi loh, ‘sex hmanpui châka melh’ pawh ‘uire’ a ti hmiah (Mt 5.28). Inmâkna lehkha pea țhen a (legal divorce), nupui/pasal dang neih leh pawh hi dan hmaa thiam chan theihna chu a nih hmel. Mahse Isuan chutiang chu thianghlim a ti chuang lo. Uirena thinlung avanga dan hmanga ințhen a, thiam chan chawpna a nih avangin Isuan uirenaah a chhiar tho tho (Mt 5.31-32). Pathian ram dan chu khawvêl tarmita (secular ideology leh rationalism) en rem a phal lo. LGBT (LGBTIQA+ = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual a ni leh duah tawh) sawi màm phei chu Isua hian a hlat a nih hmel hle mai.
8. Thlarau khawvêl a awm ngei thu (existence of supernatural) a sawi chiang
Tunlai Kristiante zîngah pawh thlarau khawvêl, ramhuai, Vanram, Hremhmun, thil mak etc. ring lo te, ring lo inti chiah si loa, bara khâwn miah lo te hi an tam a. Isua thihna leh thawh lehna te hi thil awm theia ngai lo pawh an tam. Thuthlung Thar mi thiam filawr, Rudolf Bultmann-a hian huaisen takin hetiang thil hi hnâwl a. Kum AD zabi 20-na hun laia mi thiamte (intellectual) tan awih theih a ni lo, awih tlâk a ni lo, a ti tawl mai. Hetiang thil hi ‘thawnthu/myth’ a ni a. Țhangtharte awih tlâka kan Pathian thu sawi tur chuan hetiang thawnthu hi hlih thlâk țhawt țhawt tur a ni (demythologization) a ti mai![5] Isua pawh hi a hring a hrãna tho leh ni loin, kohhran hoin a tho leh tih an hril a, thu-ah a tho leh a. Chumi rin chu a tâwk viau a ni, a ti hmiah.[6] Thil thleng tak takah a ngai lo.
Mahse Isua ngeiin ramhuai chungchâng a sawi a; amah ngeiin a hmachhawn. Hetiang thlarau khawvêl (Hremhmun, Vanram, Vantirhkoh, ramhuai etc.) hian tunlaiah awih loh a hlawh em em a. Bible mi thiam Bultmann-a pawhin thawnthu vuvûk, myth a ti mai. Bible ngei pawh ring duh tawh lo pawh hi an tam ta. Mahse Isua chuan a sawi chiangin, a hun lai khan a chutiang hnawlna (saddukaite) chu a chhâng nghauh nghauh mai.
9. Hun hnuhnung (eschatology) Isuan a sawi chiang
Pathian thu thiamte (Indian an tam) zîngah pawh Hremhmun, Vanram, rorelna hnuhnung, Isua lo kal lehna tih ang chite hian sawi leh ngaihsak a hlawh lo hle. Awih lotu pawh an tam. Pathian thu zir lo leh bara khâwn lotu zîngah phei chuan hêng khawvêl dang thil, thih hnu piah lam khawvêl hian hmun a chang lo hle. Thawh lehna phei hi chu engmah a ni lo. Judaho hian hun hnuhnunga Messia hoa ruai ropui kil (messianic banquet) an nghâkhlel hle naa, Isua hi Messia chu a ni tih an pawm duh lo hulhual. Isua chu an rin loh dan takin, rorêl turin a lo kal leh dawn a (Mt 24.27, 30; 26.64 etc.). Hun hnuhnung thu pawh fiah takin a lo hril lâwk thlap mai. A hun lai mai bâkah tun thlenga he lam awih lotute tan chuan AMAH ISUA HI AWIH LOH LAW LAW țul khawpin Isua zirtîrna hi Chanchin Țha bu-ah hian a chiang a ni.
[1] Louis Jacobs, “Sabbath: The Laws and Customs of the Sabbath, Encyclopedia Judaica, 17:619.
[2] Genesis Rabbah 100.7; Leviticus Rabbah 18.1, quoted in Simcha Paull Raphael, Jewish Views of the Afterlife, 2nd ed. (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009), 140.
[3] Simcha Paull Raphael, Jewish Views of the Afterlife, 2nd ed. (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009), 140.
[4] “Epicureanism: Epicureanism and egoism in modern philosophy,” https://www.britannica.com/topic/Epicureanism/The-Epicurean-school
[5] Bultmann, Jesus Christ and Mythology, 18.
[6] Bultmann, New Testament and Mythology & Other Basic Writings, 39.
El Shaddai 